To understand whether was published, make sure your profile is not restricted. Then share the permalink and paste it into an anonymous browser session without logging into Google. If you see the photo it was published. See here How to Get In and Out of Trouble: The Main post for more information.
You may also make visible your profile here on Connect or share the link with us, os myself or some other local guides can see your profile.
Unfortunately, Google never tells us, why exactly the filter did reject a photo or video. If you are sure, there is nothing wrong with it, you can fill out this form to submit an appeal. See also here.