Most of the world’s craters were either formed by a meteor’s impact or by a nearby volcanic eruption. However, a visit to Israel’s Negev region will introduce you to makhteshim, the most unique types of craters found on planet Earth. The distinct characteristic that sets makhteshim apart is that they were once filled with giant oceans. As these oceans slowly dried up and receded, rivers began making their way through the empty canyons, carving out what we now consider to be makhteshim.
Today, a makhtesh is a deep valley surrounded by high, steep walls of rock. Few plants can survive in makhteshim, and you’ll hardly ever find good soil in these vast desert valleys. The world’s largest makhtesh is Makhtesh Ramon, which is located right under the town of Mitzpe Ramon.
As you stand on the rim of the makhtesh, the beautiful and impressive desert scenery is spread out before you. However, it is recommended not just to settle for a wonderful view, but to actually get into it – to go down into the makhtesh, to learn its pathways and unique sites close up and to enjoy the “window” which it opens into the ancient geological worlds of fossils, colorful sands, volcanic rocks, and more.