This place has been known since the XII century, while the square was a large market, standing at the crossroads of European trade routes. In the XIII century, the area became known as the Old Market, and from the XIV century - the Old Town Market. In the XVIII century, the square was replaced by several names - Old Town Square, Big Old Town Square, Big Square. In 1895, the square received its current official name.
Throughout the square, royal coronation processions were held, following to Prague Castle. In addition to solemn events, tragedies also occurred on the square. In 1422, there were clashes caused by the execution of the leader of the Prague poor Jan Zhelivsky, in 1437 the last Hussite hetman Jan Rogac and his associates were executed here. On June 21, 1621, 27 participants of the Stavovsky resistance against the Habsburg dynasty died on Old Town Square. In their honor, 27 crosses were placed on the sidewalk near the main town hall, with the symbols of the sword and the spiked crown.